Memory

There are several processes involved when storing information. Memory is a process and not unitary and involves encoding, retrieval, recall and recognition.
A lot of research has been conducted in the past to discuss and evaluate the existence of the several types of memory proposed from scientists and theorists.
James (1890) was one of the earliest to suggest that we have a primary memory and secondary memory. This was later researched further, to find that infact the primary memory is short term memory and the secondary memory is long term memory (Braudbent 1958).
there are of course several divisions of those dichotomies. The long term memory can be fractioned in to declarative memory ( explicit memory) and nondeclarative memory (implicit memory). Declarative memory refers to the recall and recogntion of facts which can be accessed to conscious recollection. Non declarative refers to the recall of material that is not deliberately encoded or retrieved.
Squire (1994) suggests that declarative memory 'refers to a biologically meanginful category or memory depending on specific brain systems.' Schacter (1987) refers to non declarative memory as the memory that involves no explicit or conscious intention to lear or memorise and that 'it embraces several kinds of memory and depends on multiple brain systems.' Declarative memory can be subdivided to semantic memory and episodic memory.
Another type of memory is working memory and is in association with what we do with materials in the short term memory and many have criticised it has may be isomorphic.
There are evidence supporting the existence of short term memory and long term memory. This is proven in studies on patients with impairments and lesions. Short term memory is a distributed organisation and is associated with the left parietal lobe in the brain. Many parts of the brain are involved in long term memory.
Theres are several types of impairments, one of the most well known, major impairment is amnesia. This type of impairment refers to partial or complete loss of memory. There are two types of Amnesia, first being retrograde amnesia and is related to things that have happened in the past. Anterograde amnesia is when they can remember the past but can not create new memories.